The southern part of the Indian subcontinent, the Deccan Peninsula, stretches out into the Indian Ocean like a giant tongue, dividing it into two basins. Sri Lanka lies off the tip of this tongue, with unbroken expanses of water – the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea – spread out to east and west. Southward lies the main body of the Indian Ocean.
This position – at the tip of a great continent, yet in the middle of an ocean – makes Sri Lanka a busy crossroads for many kinds of marine life. Just as the island itself is a birdwatcher’s paradise, drawing hundreds of migratory species from Europe and Asia, the waters surrounding it are among the best places in the world to see whales, dolphins and other long-distance travellers of the deep.
Further away are the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge, 750km (400nm) west of Sri Lanka, whose peaks rise above sea level to form the Chagos, Laccadive (Lakshadweep) and Maldive island chains, and Ninety East Ridge, a gigantic submerged mountain range that rises 830km (450nm) east of Sri Lanka and stretches southward as far as the Horse Latitudes.
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